Tools and Items Needed For Soldering Using a Toaster Oven

Before you start to solder using a toaster oven, you will need several tools and items. This article describes what is needed for the process, including a modification to the oven, various tools, and a description of how to make a low cost vacuum pickup tool.

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The first item is the toaster oven. You can use any kind of toaster oven, but generally I would not recommend the very small ones. The medium sized ones seem to work best. Whichever one you get, it must have a glass door on the front so that you can see what is happening inside the oven without opening the door.

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You will also need a digital thermometer and a thermocouple. You can buy these from your local electronics store.

The thermocouple looks like a long wire with a connector on the end. The connector end plugs into the digital thermometer outside the oven, and the other end goes around the edge of the oven door and into the oven cavity.

It is also important to have a stopwatch, so that you can monitor the time as the temperature changes inside the oven.

You will need to make the following modification to your toaster oven so that your boards don't get toasted by direct infra red radiation from the heating elements.

The objective is for the heater elements to simply heat the air inside the oven, so a direct line of infra red heat straight from the elements to the circuit board must be avoided.

The way to achieve this is to get some thin sheet aluminium and make a cut-out shape that just covers up the elements. You can use a disposable baking tray from the supermarket to make this aluminium shield.

The aluminium sheet can be attached by weaving it through one oven the oven rack slides. This will hold it in place.

Make one of these aluminium shields for both the top and bottom heating elements inside your oven.

The next item is a solder paste gun. This is the easiest way to apply little dots of solder paste to the surface mount pads for the chip components.

I use AIM solder cream, but any kind of lead based solder paste is suitable for this process. You can purchase a solder gun and solder paste from your local specialist soldering equipment supplier. I purchased these items from Okay electronic solutions here in Australia.

Now we will discuss how to make a vacuum pickup tool from a small fish tank air pump, which you can get for about ten dollars from your local aquarium shop or pet shop. I will describe the way that I made the modifications.

I removed the case of the air pump so that I could access the air inlet hole of the pump. Then I simply fitted a small plastic nozzle that I got from a syringe dispenser. Attached to that is a short length of 3mm vinyl air hose, which I got from the aquarium shop. Then another nozzle made from metal, which came from another syringe dispenser.

You can get these nozzles from your local specialist soldering equipment supplier. The nozzles generally come with some syringe dispensing kits but you may also be able to purchase them separately.

To use this low cost but effective vacuum pickup tool, simply turn on the pump and bring the nozzle down onto the top of the chip component. The component will be sucked and held onto the end of the nozzle. Then bring the chip component over to the circuit board pads which have been dotted with solderpaste. Place the component down. The solderpaste is sticky enough to grab the component and hold it in place. No vacuum release is necessary.

That covers all the items that you will need to solder using a toaster oven, including a modification to the oven, various tools, and a description of how to make a low cost vacuum pickup tool.

Tools and Items Needed For Soldering Using a Toaster Oven

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Special Price!!! 100W 5pc Soldering Gun KiT: Cutter:Flux:Solder:Case

Nov 08, 2011 10:24:41

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Basic Problems With Home Security System's

Basic Problems

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Many people will have an outside alarm company install their home security system. The installer is paid a basic industry wage and will sometimes have a helper, whom is making a lot less.

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This is the first problem. Many installers are directed by their company, to install the system quickly. Many companies leave the design of the system and location of equipment to the installer.

Installers will take short cuts when running the wires, use double sided tape rather than screws, place equipment in bad locations and much more.

Secure the Panel

The main panel should be located in a secure place with easy access, but remain hidden. Some installers will place the panel in a closet. This is bad, because the homeowner will later fill up the closet, blocking access. A good place for the panel is in a utility room. The wires should be protected by raceway or conduit, it not installed inside the wall. Never install the panel or wires near high AC power. Never have a wire run beside an AC wire. Have a keypad installed at the panel for emergency access or service. If using a voice type panel, then install a speaker at the panel. Lock the panel and hide the key. It is better to have the panel reset into the wall, rather then mounted on the surface. It will be harder for someone to knock the panel off the wall. Use fire sealant to protect any wire entry points into the panel. Use fire rated blocking above and below the panel if installing it in the wall.

False Alarms

The next main problem I see is false alarms. There are several reasons for a false alarm. One big cause is bad wiring. Installers fail to place wires high and out of the way of other contractors. For this reason, the wire can get damaged. Someone installing sheetrock on a wall could put a nail into a wire. I have seen wires placed next to lights or run along side of electrical wires. This can cause noise into a panel and produce false alarms. Another big reason for false alarms is bad connection. Many installers will use cheap connectors to join wires together. A good installer will solder the joint and cover it with tape. Many times an installer will nick a wire when stripping the insulation back. If the wire is nicked, it can break at a later point. If you find a problem with a wire or device, check the connections first. Chances are you will find a broken wire.

Noise / Spikes

Noise or spikes into a panel cause the most headache's in the industry. These are caused by electrical jolts or the power going up and down. Any wire entering into a panel from the outside world, should have surge protection on it. This includes power, phone, data network lines and camera's. Installers will place a small battery at the panel to power the system if the AC power goes out. This is a false sense of security. The proper way to use battery back-up is to install a UPS (back-up battery system) between the AC outlet and the panel. If the home power is lost or spikes, the UPS will still supply a steady power source to the panel. The panel will not see a change and thus reduce false alarms. If the UPS battery goes dead, you then have the panel battery as a backup, but for just a few hours. On a good setup, a system can run as much as a week without AC power. The number of batteries needed will depend on the power needs of the system. Some homeowners will replace the panel battery with a single 100 amp hour deep cycle battery to back up a system. This is about the size of a car battery and cost more, but it really works great. It also requires a special charger that can be purchased extra.

Phone Lines

False alarms can come in across a phone line as well. The best way to protect from this kind of spike is to install a surge filter at the point the phone line connects to the outside of the home and place a second filter at the point the phone line connects to the panel. Unless it is a major power spike, the two filters will help reduce false alarms.

Never have your alarm dial directly to the police. Always dial to a monitoring company. They can check to see if the alarm is real or false, thus reducing any extra cost to you. Lock up the outside phone box. It is harder for someone to cut a phone line if they can not get to it.

Protecting Wire

A security system will sometimes have a smoke detector attached to it. An installer will use fire protection rated wire to make the connection between the panel and the device. The problem comes when there is a fire. The wire used to power the panel does not have the same fire rating and will burn quicker. The phone line wire does not have the same fire rating, the back-up battery does not have the same fire rating. During a fire, the smoke detector should sound off and report an alarm unless the fire has damaged the phone line.

The phone line is your life protection during an alarm. The proper way to install a phone line for an alarm system is to (a) use fire rated wire, (b)place the wire in a metal conduit (3) fire protect any connections. As a back-up for the phone connection, you can use a cellular connection. Again, make sure their is proper fire protection.

Other Causes

Many other false alarms are caused by the equipment in the field. This can be door contacts, motion detectors, glass breaks and so on. Cheap equipment will break down. False alarms can cost the homeowner lots of money. Make sure the installer is installing quality equipment.

Bad Design

Bad design is a big reason why homes get broken into, when there is a security system installed. The best protection is to cause an alarm before damage is done to the home. To do this, you can use outside motion detectors, IR Beams, or any of the many other devices, that will alert you to someone getting near your home. All points of entry should be protected by hard wired devices. Never use a wireless device on a door or window. The battery can go dead, which would produce a trouble in the system. At this point, someone could open the door and walk in to your home and never set the alarm off. Wireless contact devices should be used for an attic door inside the home or to protect an object inside the home.

Windows

Many installers will use a contact at the lowest point of the window. This is a bad location as water can collect in this area. The device can become damaged and fail to work properly. There should always be 2 sets of contacts placed on a window. One set should be placed 6 inches above the bottom of the window sill and the other placed in the middle of the window. This allows the homeowner to open the window 6 inches during the summer months and still be able to arm the system at night. All wires to the contact should be hidden. The contact should be the same color as the window to reduce the chances of someone seeing it with ease.

Doors

Door contacts should be installed so that any outside rain water can not get to the back of the contact. A good way to protect a contact from a short cause by rain water is to use silicone on the back of the contact. A good place to install the contact is in the door jam at the back of the door. Use a plunger style type of contact. This is the hardest to see and hard for someone to jump out. This type of contact reacts when a plunger is depressed. Never allow paint to get on the contact, as it will keep the plunger from working correctly. I like to use two plungers on a door. They are linked together so it one goes off the system will alarm. This way if one plunger goes bad, I have the other as a backup. Contacts that use magnets can be faked out. I never trust a contact that uses a magnet.

Basic Problems With Home Security System's

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Nov 07, 2011 10:52:48

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Best Way To Fix A Broken Xbox 360 (And The Best Ways To Destroy A Good One Too)

The Xbox 360 repair world is full of more myths than a high school classics class. Believing the myth of Hercules might not cause any harm, but following some of the myths around about repairing faulty Xbox 360 consoles can cause a lot of damage to your expensive piece of gaming kit. I don't want to see anybody damage their console whilst trying to fix a problem that is completely not their fault! Because of that, in this article I am going to debunk and discredit two of the most commonly quoted repair methods which are the towel wrap trick and home soldering. And just to make things absolutely clear before we go further in depth - using either the towel wrap trick or re-soldering your console will probably result in you causing more damage than there was before. You have been warned!

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If you search up on Google with a phrase similar to "free way to get rid of red lights error", you'll probably wind up being taken to a website that promotes fixing your Xbox 360 console by wrapping it in a bath towel. This trick seems to be recommended just about everywhere on the internet and I am sure many people have tried to use it without any success at all. Come on, how can wrapping what is essentially a small, overheating computer in a bath towel do any good whatsoever? Well, the answer is "it can't!". In fact, wrapping your Xbox 360 in a towel could potentially cause it to catch on fire. You wouldn't be doing much gaming after that would you? Using the towel wrap trick is plain dangerous because it causes more heat to build up that cannot escape which will not only cause more damage to the components inside, but after a prolonged period of time will likely cause a fire due to the excess heat. The moral of the story - never, ever, EVER attempt to fix the 3 red lights error by wrapping your Xbox 360 inside a bath towel.

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Another often recommended broken Xbox 360 fix is to open up your console and re-solder it using a home soldering gun. This ain't gonna work I'm afraid. In fact, just like the towel trick, it will cause more damage than good. When your Xbox 360 console was constructed it was soldered using expensive industrial grade machinery that costs thousands upon thousands of dollars. Apply a little bit of common sense here, there is simply no way your hardware store solder and gun is going to be able to do an equivalent job, even if you happen to have prior experience soldering high grade electronic equipment, a skill which most people do not or never will have. Because this method involves messing around with the delicate wiring inside your console it is virtually guaranteed to completely ruin your console forever. What is even more scary is the fact that many Xbox 360 repair guides that cost money and are written by so called "experts" suggest you use the soldering method. No real electronics expert would expect anybody without industrial grade equipment and proper training to be able to successfully carry out repairs on complicated electronic devices such as the Xbox 360, even if they are provided lo-res videos to "guide them step-by-step". Once again, you'd have to be a "nutter" to even consider for a second trying to repair the 3 red lights error this way. It will cause more harm than good, guaranteed.

So that brings us to the only real way to fix a broken Xbox 360 and banish the 3 red lights error forever. What it involves is finding a way to prevent the cause of the problem, overheating. It doesn't involve performing repairs as risky as soldering and doesn't run the same risk of damaging the delicate components such as the graphics chip, motherboard or processor. Of course there's one slight problem, me telling you how to carry out this repair job with writing isn't enough. You need audio, and more importantly high quality, step-by-step video that will show you the exact method required. Seriously, you MUST have high quality video walk-throughs to enable you to carry out the repairs safely and swiftly. Any other way will risk damage to your precious Xbox 360 and could also cause harm to yourself. And in case you're getting concerned about whether this true, best way to fix a broken Xbox 360 is actually safely and it does really work, don't worry because it has actually been verified as being the only real way to repair the 3 red lights error at home.

Best Way To Fix A Broken Xbox 360 (And The Best Ways To Destroy A Good One Too)

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PS3 Yellow Light of Death Fix for Anyone

A PS3 yellow light of death is an indication of a major hardware malfunction. There are two main pieces within your play station that can have issues and cause the PS3 YLOD, the method you will need to use will depend on what exactly failed. The most common failures are in the power supply or the motherboard. As a rule, it is the solder joints on the motherboard that are the problem. Solder is the silver looking substance on electronic equipment that is used to keep tiny wires attached to circuit boards.

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In two of the PS3 models, 20GB and 60GB respectively the problem seems to be overheating. While these are definitely not the only models with issues, they are the most commonly affected. Inside the unit, the many processes going on generate heat, and many times the internal fans just cannot keep the interior cool enough, which leads to pooling of the solder. Basically that just means it has returned to a liquid state and leaves wires and tiny circuits exposed to dust, debris and vulnerable to vibrations.

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A PS3 yellow light of death fix can be as simple as using a heat gun to re-melt the solder and cover the exposed circuitry. You need to be very careful with this fix because if you use too much heat on the board you can scorch it rendering it useless.

If your issue is a power supply short or failure you will need to order a new power supply or get one used from a broken game system. In some cases a simple fuse or resistor replacement is all you need to be back in the game and that is a fix compared to the 0 or more Sony will charge you if you are out of guarantees.

PS3 Yellow Light of Death Fix for Anyone

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Overview of a Welder

When you are thinking about purchasing a welder it is very important to know the type of welder you will need for your particular job. What you buy really depends on what it is you are going to do with it.

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As an example, if you were going to weld jewelry, you might use an acetylene torch with a small nozzle that would heat the metal enough for thin to medium metal. However, if you want to build large structures for a job or do underwater welding work, what you purchase will be very different.

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Types of materials
You will need to determine the types of materials you will be welding most of the time. Are you going to work with thick or thin material? Will you be working on this material in the same location all the time? How much experience in welding do you have? Do you need your welder to be portable? When you have answered these questions, it's time to look at the different styles of welding you need.

Types of welding
There are several types of welders to choose from and it all depends on what type of welding you do as to which one you choose:

Oxyacetylene Welding -- this is a torch and it burns a mix of oxygen and acetylene gas. The heat gets to 6,300 degrees Fahrenheit in most torches like this. You can use this to solder, weld or braze. Sometimes these are used to cut some types of steel. This is generally the first type of welding a student will do and the first welder they will use.

Stick / Arc Welding (SMAW) -- this type of welder works with an electrode called a "stick" and it creates an arc with the welding material. It works by putting the stick inside the machine, the stick melts and it produces material as filler in the weld. This is a difficult type of welding, so the welder itself may be difficult to use and control for the beginner.

Mig Welding (Wire feed / GMAW) -- this system also uses an electrode that is fed in a wire, pushed through a gun and it makes a weld puddle. They use either a shielding gas or a wire cored with flux. Many people use these types of welders for home projects and they are easily found at hardware stores. This one is easy to use.

Tig Welding (GTAW) -- this type of welding also uses an electrode but it is used with a shielded gas (inert) which makes a weld puddle. It uses a welding rod also that makes a weld bead when a rod is stuck in the arc. This makes good welds and is a higher level of welder.

Commercial welders may be a larger machine that does the same as hand held ones but on a much larger scale.

Before you purchase any welder it is a good idea to check the Internet for reviews of the different types of welders to get an idea of their cost and how they are used.

Overview of a Welder

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Home Remedies For Genital Warts Treatment

Many people attempt to use home remedies for genital warts. It is important to note that most medical professionals caution against self-treatment because many of the substances used in home remedies for genital warts contain ingredients that can be very irritating to the sensitive genital area.

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Following are some home remedies for genital warts that may help relieve symptoms:

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* Take sitz baths. Fill a tub with a few inches of warm water and sit in it for 10-15 minutes every day.

* Squeeze warm water from a bottle over your genital area to provide comfort and cleansing.

* Use a heat lamp or a hair dryer several times a day to dry your genital area. Make sure to hold the lamp or dryer at least 18 inches from your skin.

One common home remedy for genital warts involves applying oil (vitamin E) on the infected skin and putting some raw crushed garlic over it. Cover it with adhesive tape. Some believe that this home remedy will cause the wart to fall off within a week.

Another popular remedy for genital warts is to make juice from onion slices that have been covered overnight with salt and apply three times a day until the warts disappear. You could also try applying the milky juice of fig stems two to three times per day or use apple cider vinegar to the area using a cotton ball to treat genital warts.

Aloe has been used for hundreds of years as a home remedy for genital warts. Apply the aloe externally in cream form or directly from the aloe plant. Aloe eases discomfort and may help in the removal of genital warts.

Home remedies for genital warts may include changes in the diet. Eat a diet rich in folic acid and beta carotene. Eat fruits and vegetables like radish, mango, squash and tomato which are orange, yellow and red in color. Dark green and leafy vegetables like spinach and cabbage and are also recommended. People undergoing home remedies for genital warts are encouraged to avoid cigarettes and caffeine.

After using any home remedy for genital warts, the condition can reappear in larger quantities than before. It is important that infected patients keep a close eye for future outbreaks.

Bear in mind that most medical professionals frown upon the use of home remedies for genital warts. Talk to your doctor before attempting to use home remedies for your genital warts.

Home Remedies For Genital Warts Treatment

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Antique Gun And Powder Flask Repairs

In good condition, these guns are valuable antique collectors' pieces. Others that require a bit of work can often be cleaned and restored by amateurs. Cast-metal parts or wooden blanks, which can be shaped to replace damaged or missing stocks, can be obtained from specialist suppliers. Even old gunpowder explodes, so be sure that any gun being repaired is not loaded. Insert the ramrod, or a length of wood, into the barrel to check if there is any obstruction. If there is, remove it with a modern shotgun-cleaning rod that has a screw tip, or use an ordinary steel screw soldered to a stiff piece of wire. Screw the rod gently into the obstruction and pull it out like a cork. Wash the barrel with hot water and dry it.

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To dismantle the gun, first half-cock it, then remove the screw which holds the cock (in the flintlock) or the hammer (in the percussion type) and slide it off. Unscrew the pan-cover pivot and screw securing the spring beneath the pan: remove the parts. Unscrew the holding bolts or screws and remove the lock-plate. Several screwdrivers may be needed: the blade must fit each screw or bolt slot exactly so as not to burr the screw or bolt. If they are hard to remove, applying a bit of penetrating oil will do the trick. To dismantle a flintlock mechanism, loosen the four screws that hold the mainspring, sear, searspring and the bridle. Compress the mainspring (in a small hand vice), take out the spring screw and remove the spring. The pin at the rear of the mainspring engages in the lock-plate and the other end of the spring engages in the toe of the tumbler.

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Remove rust with fine emery paper or powder. Make sure to remove all abrasive powder after cleaning. Smear all parts with petroleum jelly and reassemble. Press the tumbler down to the fired position so that the end of the mainspring goes over it. Put the cock on and pull it back to the half-cocked position so that the tumbler toe compresses the mainspring. Refit the rest of the pieces in reverse order to removal.

To clean the barrel, first remove it from the stock. A metal extension of the barrel - the tang - runs into the stock. Remove the tang screws and any retaining bands or pins. The trigger guard, butt cap and ramrod pipes are screwed or pinned and must be removed with extreme care. If the screws do not yield to penetrating oil, leave them alone - it will be a job for an antique restorer to drill them out. Barrels and other metal parts can be cleaned with a mixture of oil and paraffin. Re-polish all parts with progressively finer abrasives; finish with jewellers' emery or crocus paper. Some barrels may have been blued to prevent rust and, special bluing fluid can be bought from a gunsmith. Try not leaving fingerprints on the barrel as this causes rusting.

Clean the stock with steel wool and linseed oil. If the stock is broken, mend with epoxy resin mixed to a paste with matching stained sawdust. If the stock is beyond minor repairs, a new stock may be fashioned with an entirely new piece of wood. Small dents in the stock can be extracted by using hot steam from an iron. Place a cloth over the dent and apply the hot iron.

Powder flasks were made in hundreds of designs and several materials. However, the majority of antique flasks were made pear-shaped and made from tin, brass or Britannia metal. Metal flasks were usually made in two halves soldered together. If the seam has parted, find out what alloy the flask is made of before trying to re-solder it. A simple test is to put a few drops of water in a cup and add an equal number of drops of nitric acid, obtainable from a chemist. Put a drop of the solution on the metal to reveal the colour. Red-brown indicates bronze; yellow and yellow-red, brass; dark grey, pewter; and bright silver-grey, Britannia metal. To polish the antique flask, use the technique appropriate to the material it is made of. Many powder flasks have very fine detailed etchings, embossings or engravings that give them their unique look. An antique gun without its matching or specific powder flask loses its appeal when antique collectors are looking to add to their collection.

Antique Gun And Powder Flask Repairs

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Special Price!!! Sinometer 30 Watts Soldering Iron, UL listed

Nov 01, 2011 00:59:18

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Sinometer 30 Watts Soldering Iron, UL listed Feature

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